Israel \/ Teritoriile Palestiniene Ocupate: utilizarea de c\u0103tre Israel a fosforului alb \u00eempotriva civililor din Gaza este \u201eevident\u0103 \u015fi incontestabil\u0103\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\u00cen timpul vizitelor pe teritoriul F\u00ee\u015fiei Gaza, delega\u0163ii Amnesty International au descoperit dovezi incontestabile ale faptului c\u0103 fosforul alb este utilizat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een regiunile civile dens populate din ora\u015ful Gaza \u015fi din nord.
\n\u201cIeri, am v\u0103zut str\u0103zi \u015fi alei acoperite cu r\u0103m\u0103\u015fi\u0163e care demonstreaz\u0103 utilizarea fosforului alb, inclusiv cartu\u015fe \u00eenc\u0103 arz\u00eend \u015fi schijele din obuzele \u015fi \u015frapnelurile lansate de c\u0103tre armata israelian\u0103\u201d, a declarat Christopher Cobb-Smith, expert militar \u015fi unul dintre cei patru membri ai misiunii de cercetare desf\u0103\u015furate de c\u0103tre Amnesty International \u00een Gaza.
\n\u201cFosforul alb este o arm\u0103 utilizat\u0103 pentru a produce o perdea de fum, ca s\u0103 reduc\u0103 vizibilitatea trupelor armate pe c\u00eempul de lupt\u0103\u201d, a spus Cobb-Smith. \u201cEste o substan\u0163\u0103 foarte u\u015for inflamabil\u0103, care arde \u00een contact cu aerul \u015fi are un asemenea efect, \u00eenc\u00eet nu ar trebui utilizat\u0103 niciodat\u0103 \u00een regiunile civile\u201d.
\n\u201cO utilizare at\u00eet de extins\u0103 a acestei arme \u00een cartierele reziden\u0163iale dens populate din Gaza este f\u0103r\u0103 discern\u0103m\u00eent. Utilizarea repetat\u0103 \u00een acest mod, \u00een pofida dovezilor care demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 ar avea efecte f\u0103r\u0103 discern\u0103m\u00eent \u015fi faptul c\u0103 este utilizat \u00eempotriva popula\u0163iei civile, reprezint\u0103 o crim\u0103 de r\u0103zboi\u201d, a declarat Donatella Rovera, cercet\u0103tor al Amnesty International \u00een domeniul problemelor din Israel \u015fi Teritoriile Palestiniene Ocupate.
\nCartu\u015fe cu fosfor alb sunt \u00eempr\u0103\u015ftiate peste tot \u00een jurul blocurilor locative \u015fi multe dintre ele \u00eenc\u0103 mai ardeau duminic\u0103, continu\u00eend s\u0103 pun\u0103 \u00een pericol locatarii \u015fi bunurile acestora; copiii se jucau pe str\u0103zi \u015fi alei, fiind atra\u015fi de r\u0103m\u0103\u015fi\u0163ele l\u0103sate \u00een urm\u0103 de r\u0103zboi, de cele mai multe ori, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi con\u015ftien\u0163i de pericol.
\n\u201cArtileria const\u0103 din arme terestre; care nu sunt indicate \u00een cazul bombard\u0103rii \u0163intelor exacte. Faptul c\u0103 aceste muni\u0163ii, care de obicei sunt lansate de pe p\u0103m\u00eent, au fost lansate \u00een aer,
\nm\u0103re\u015fte suprafa\u0163\u0103 zonei expuse\u201d, a declarat Chris Cobb-Smith.
\nFiecare obuz de artilerie cu calibrul de 155 mm explodat, r\u0103sp\u00eende\u015fte 116 cartu\u015fe impregnate cu fosfor alb, care se aprind la contactul cu oxigenul \u015fi care se pot r\u0103sp\u00eendi, \u00een func\u0163ie de \u00een\u0103l\u0163imea (precum \u015fi de condi\u0163iile de v\u00eent) de la care este lansat asupra unei zone, la o distan\u0163\u0103 cel pu\u0163in c\u00eet o aruncare de minge. Pe l\u00eeng\u0103 efectul f\u0103r\u0103 discern\u0103m\u00eent, lansarea din aer a unei astfel de arme, care r\u0103sp\u00eende\u015fte cartu\u015fe, spore\u015fte probabilitatea ca popula\u0163ia civil\u0103 s\u0103 fie afectat\u0103.
\nDelega\u0163ii Amnesty International au descoperit at\u00eet cartu\u015fe \u00eencinse cu fosfor alb, c\u00eet \u015fi obuzele (care le-au transportat) \u00een case \u015fi cl\u0103diri, precum \u015fi \u00een apropierea acestora. Unele dintre aceste obuze grele din o\u0163el, 155 mm, au provocat daune enorme propriet\u0103\u0163ilor locuitorilor.
\nPrintre cele mai afectate locuri asupra c\u0103rora a fost utilizat fosforul alb a fost UNRWA (sediul ONU pentru refugia\u0163ii palestinieni) din Gaza, asupra c\u0103ruia for\u0163ele israeliene au aruncat trei obuze cu fosfor alb la data de 15 ianuarie. Fosforul alb a c\u0103zut \u00een apropierea unor autocisterne cu combustibil inflamabil \u015fi a provocat explozii care au distrus tone de ajutor umanitar. Cu o or\u0103 \u00eenainte de lansarea acestui atac, cl\u0103direa agen\u0163iei ONU fusese asediat\u0103 \u015fi autorit\u0103\u0163ile israeliene fuseser\u0103 informate de c\u0103tre oficialii UNRWA \u015fi garantaser\u0103 faptul c\u0103 nu va mai fi lansat nici un atac asupra unit\u0103\u0163ii respective.
\n\u00cen timpul unui alt incident, care a avut loc \u00een aceea\u015fi zi, obuzele cu fosfor alb au c\u0103zut peste spitalul al-Quds din ora\u015ful Gaza, provoc\u00eend \u015fi \u00een acest caz un incendiu care a impus angaja\u0163ii spitalului s\u0103 evacueze pacien\u0163ii.
\n\u00cen contact cu pielea, fosforul alb provoac\u0103 arsuri cumplite, care ajung p\u00een\u0103 la os \u015fi continu\u0103 s\u0103 ard\u0103 at\u00eet timp c\u00eet se afl\u0103 \u00een contact cu oxigenul.
\nInforma\u0163ii suplimentare
\n\u00cencetarea unilateral\u0103 a ostilit\u0103\u0163ilor, anun\u0163at\u0103 de c\u0103tre Israel \u015fi Hamas, care urma s\u0103 intre \u00een vigoare din 18 ianuarie, nu a fost respectat\u0103 de nici una dintre p\u0103r\u0163i. Armata israelian\u0103 a r\u0103mas pe pozi\u0163ii \u00een c\u00eeteva regiuni din F\u00ee\u015fia Gaza, iar \u00een diminea\u0163a de 18 ianuarie, Angham Rif\u2019at al-Masri, \u00een v\u00eerst\u0103 de 11 ani, a fost ucis\u0103 de proiectilele lansate de c\u0103tre for\u0163ele israeliene \u00een estul ora\u015fului Beit Hanoun, din nordul F\u00ee\u015fiei Gaza, iar mama sa a fost r\u0103nit\u0103. \u00cen acela\u015fi timp, grup\u0103rile armate palestiniene au lansat c\u00eeteva rachete asupra ora\u015felor \u015fi satelor din sudul Israelului, \u00een urma c\u0103rora trei civili israelieni au suferit r\u0103ni u\u015foare.
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\nIsrael\/Occupied Palestinian Territories: Israel’s use of white phosphorus against Gaza civilians „clear and undeniable”
\nAmnesty International delegates visiting the Gaza Strip found indisputable evidence of widespread use of white phosphorus in densely populated residential areas in Gaza City and in the north.
\n„Yesterday, we saw streets and alleyways littered with evidence of the use of white phosphorus, including still burning wedges and the remnants of the shells and canisters fired by the Israeli army,” said Christopher Cobb-Smith, a weapons expert who is in Gaza as part of a four-person Amnesty International fact-finding team.
\n„White phosphorus is a weapon intended to provide a smokescreen for troop movements on the battlefield,” said Cobb-Smith. „It is highly incendiary, air burst and its spread effect is such that it that should never be used on civilian areas\u201d.
\n\u201cSuch extensive use of this weapon in Gaza’s densely populated residential neighbourhoods is inherently indiscriminate. Its repeated use in this manner, despite evidence of its indiscriminate effects and its toll on civilians, is a war crime,” said Donatella Rovera, Amnesty\u2019s researcher on Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories.
\nWhite phosphorus wedges are scattered all around residential buildings and many were still burning on Sunday, further endangering the residents and their property; streets and alleys are full of children playing, drawn to the detritus of war and often unaware of the danger.
\n„Artillery is an area weapon; not good for pinpoint targeting. The fact that these munitions, which are usually used as ground burst, were fired as air bursts increases the likely size of the danger area,\u201d said Chris Cobb-Smith.
\nEach 155mm artillery shell bursts deploying 116 wedges impregnated with white phosphorus which ignite on contact with oxygen and can scatter, depending on the height at which it is burst (and wind conditions), over an area at least the size of a football pitch. In addition to the indiscriminate effect of air-bursting such a weapon, firing such shells as artillery exacerbates the likelihood that civilians will be affected.
\nAmnesty International delegates found both burning white phosphorous wedges and their carrier shells (which delivered them) in and around houses and buildings. Some of these heavy steel 155mm shells have caused extensive damage to residential properties.
\nAmong the places worst affected by the use of white phosphorus was the UNRWA compound in Gaza City, where Israeli forces fired three white phosphorus shells on 15 January. The white phosphorus landed next to some fuel trucks and caused a large fire which destroyed tons of humanitarian aid. Prior to this strike the compound had already been hit an hour earlier and the Israeli authorities had been informed by UNRWA officials and had given assurance that no further strikes would be launched on the compound.
\nIn another incident on the same day a white phosphorus shell landed in the al-Quds hospital in Gaza City also causing a fire which forced hospital staff to evacuate the patients.
\nWhite phosphorus landing on skin can burn deep through muscle and into the bone, continuing to burn unless deprived of oxygen.<\/p>\n
Background
\nSeparate unilateral ceasefires announced by Israel and by Hamas with effect from 18 January were not respected by either side. Israeli forces remained stationed in several areas of the Gaza Strip and on the morning of 18 January missiles fired by Israeli forces killed 11-year-old Angham Rif\u2019at al-Masri and injured her mother east of Beit Hanoun in the north of the Gaza Strip. At the same time Palestinian armed groups fired several rockets into towns and villages in southern Israel, lightly wounding three Israeli civilians.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00cen timpul vizitelor pe teritoriul F\u00ee\u015fiei Gaza, delega\u0163ii Amnesty International au descoperit dovezi incontestabile ale faptului c\u0103 fosforul alb este utilizat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een regiunile civile dens populate din ora\u015ful Gaza \u015fi din nord. Amnesty International considera c\u0103 utilizarea repetat\u0103 a fosforului<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2767,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4,8,3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sergiubrega.com\/curajnet\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9206"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sergiubrega.com\/curajnet\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sergiubrega.com\/curajnet\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sergiubrega.com\/curajnet\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2767"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sergiubrega.com\/curajnet\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9206"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.sergiubrega.com\/curajnet\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9206\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9208,"href":"https:\/\/www.sergiubrega.com\/curajnet\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9206\/revisions\/9208"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sergiubrega.com\/curajnet\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9206"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sergiubrega.com\/curajnet\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9206"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sergiubrega.com\/curajnet\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}